As the restaurant industry endured another difficult year, many chains opted to close underperforming locations as they try to turn around their businesses.

Inflation-weary consumers have pulled back their restaurant spending, choosing to eat at home or chasing deals when they go out for a meal. While some restaurants have won over reluctant diners, the industry has largely struggled with the sales slump. Traffic to restaurants open at least a year fell every month in 2025, excluding only July, according to Black Box Intelligence.

In years past, restaurant closures have been more concentrated across casual-dining chains, which lost customers to fast-casual competitors like Chipotle. But this year, chains across the industry announced plans to shutter at least hundreds of locations.

In such a tough environment, some restaurant companies even filed for bankruptcy protection. Hooters, Pinstripes and On the Border were some of the notable names that landed in bankruptcy court this year.

Here are the chains that announced closures in 2025:

In September, the coffee giant announced a $1 billion restructuring plan that included closing roughly 500 of its North American locations. The closures even extended to shuttering its upscale Reserve Roastery cafe in Seattle, the company’s hometown.

In November, Wendy’s announced that it would undergo a strategic review of its restaurant footprint and begin closing underperforming locations that quarter. While the company did not announce a specific number of closures, interim CEO and CFO Ken Cook told analysts that the company could shutter a “mid-single digit percentage” of its U.S. restaurants shuttering, which would mean hundreds of the burger chain’s locations.

In February, Denny’s said it planned to close between 70 and 90 restaurants in 2025. In recent months, the diner chain’s sales sunk as customers opted to visit cheaper fast-food restaurants for breakfast. The shift in behavior led the company to shutter underperforming locations and attempt to improve the rest of its restaurant footprint.

In November, the chain announced it had sold itself for $620 million to Yadav Enterprises, TriArtisan Capital Advisors and Treville Capital Group. The deal is expected to close in the first quarter of 2026, pending regulatory approval.

In April, Jack in the Box said it would close between 150 and 200 restaurants as part of its “Jack on Track” strategy to improve its financial performance. By the end of its fiscal 2025 on Sept. 28, the chain had permanently shuttered 86 restaurants.

In May, Bahama Breeze parent company Darden Restaurants closed 15 of the chain’s locations, which represents roughly a third of its overall footprint.

Dozens of Hardee’s locations will close by end of the year after the franchisor sued ARC Burger, one of its largest franchisees. Hardee’s alleges that the operator fell behind on payments like royalties, rent and taxes.

ARC, which is owned by private equity firm High Bluff Capital Partners, operated 77 Hardee’s restaurants before the legal battle began. Its footprint stretched across eight states, including Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Missouri, Montana, South Carolina and Wyoming, according to legal filings.

In the first three quarters of 2025, Papa John’s shuttered 173 restaurants worldwide, according to company filings. Most of the closures affected international locations, although 62 of the pizza chain’s U.S. locations also closed.

At the end of October, Noodles & Co. had closed 29 company-owned restaurants this year, and executives said that they planned to shutter another two to five underperforming locations by the end of 2025.

In October, restaurant company Bloomin’ Brands closed 21 locations across the company. The closures hit Outback Steakhouse, the gem of its portfolio, as well as Bonefish Grill and Carrabba’s Italian Grill.